Prototyping Model in DBMS

The prototyping model is an iterative process where a rough version of the system is developed quickly to understand user requirements better, then improved through multiple feedback cycles.

Phases of the Prototyping Model

• Requirement Identification: Only basic or partial requirements are gathered. Focus is on what the user expects from the system.
• Develop a Prototype: A simple model or mock-up of the system is created. It may not have full functionality but shows design, input/output screens, etc.
• User Evaluation: The user interacts with the prototype and provides feedback. Any misunderstanding or missing features are identified.
• Refinement: The prototype is modified and improved based on user feedback. This process repeats until the user is satisfied.
• Product Engineering: Once requirements are clear, the actual system is developed using standard SDLC phases (design, coding, testing).
• Deployment & Maintenance: The final product is delivered, tested, and maintained.

Types of Prototyping

• Throwaway (Rapid) Prototype: Built quickly to understand requirements. Discarded after feedback.
• Evolutionary Prototype: Continuously refined until it becomes the final system.

Advantages

• Early visibility of the system.
• Better understanding of user needs.
• Reduces risk of major requirement changes later.
• Encourages user involvement.

Disadvantages

• May lead to poorly structured systems if rushed.
• Users may confuse prototype with the final product.
• Frequent changes can increase cost and time.
• Not suitable for large, complex projects.